Description: This paper analyzes climate change's impact on corn yield and insurance claims in Southern Minnesota through an analysis of how temperature and precipitation are expected to change over the next 30 years.

Description: This presentation defines the risks in the context of pension plans and reviews their relationship. From 2000 ARCH, Quebec City, Canada., January 2000.

Description: This paper provides provide mathematically-founded insights for how climate change and water access will impact Californian agriculture in the coming decades.

Description: This paper is the final report in a project commissioned by the Society of Actuaries Social Security Committee. The paper considers a variety of possible risk classification factors that could be used in estimating the value of any mortality based benefit for retirees. As many countries consider mandatory individual retirement accounts as their answer to a secure Social Security system, the question arises as to whether all workers can get true 'market value' annuities when they retire. It is clear today that private sector life annuities are priced assuming that the applicant is healthy-very healthy. Very little underwriting or risk classification now exists in the individual annuity marketplace. This paper reviews 45 recent research papers that look at factors that affect mortality after retirement. In particular, factors that seem to be important in predicting retirement mortality include: age, gender, race and ethnicity, education, income, occupation, marital status, religion, health behaviors, smoking, alcohol, and obesity. For each factor, this paper gives highlights relative to the named factor of the impact expected from that variable as described in the 45 reviewed research papers.

Description: A serious problem facing the actuary when his or her company converts to on line transactions processing is that of how to minimize human errors. This paper explains how the availability of the various reserve and cash value factor files in an on line environment permit better checking than has been possible in the past.

Description: This presentation proposes a new type of retirement plan aimed at achieving a compromise between stability in cost for the plan sponsor and guaranteed benefits for the participants. The proposed plan is shown to smooth out the fluctuation in benefits that occurs in a money purchase plan. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1998 Vol. 1.

Description: This paper provides a background about the beverage industry in Nigeria.It then identifies the risks faced by this industry, describes the current risk management process, and makes recommendations for changes.

Description: This paper reviews and compares the Canadian and U.S. Social Security systems as to their adequacy, actuarial equity and progressiveness. It concludes that the Canadian system[s] provide larger minimum benefits and, thus, greater adequacy than the U. S. On the other hand, the analysis indicates more emphasis on actuarial equity in the U.S. system [in total] than in Canada. Finally, both systems are shown to be highly progressive in that lower-wage earners get larger benefits per dollar of contribution than do higher wage earners. The paper concludes by noting that while the systems in these two countries have remarkably different actuarial formulae for determining benefits, and remarkably different structures, that the benefits that result from the two systems are surprisingly similar. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1999, Vol. 1.

Description: This paper explores the relationship between the Wealth Transfer Index, a statistic defined by Brown and Bilodeau 1997, and retirement age, which is the age at which the workers in an economy cease to be economically productive. There appears to be a strong positive correlation between the Wealth transfer Index and retirement age based on Canadian historical data.

Description: This 1993 paper examined the premium rate changes that could have resulted from the passage of The Health Insurance Reform and Cost Control Act of 1991. From Actuarial Research Clearing House 1993, VOL. 3.